A crowd of locals very much excited about the news and declared that the negroes . MORE VIRGINIA SLAVERY RESOURCES. Gerard Brandon (1818-1874) was the Mississippi planter who purchased Henrietta Wood and then took her to Robertson County, Texas, during the Civil War. February 27, 2023 By restaurants on the water in st clair shores. These slaves hadn't been disguised as 'servants . Dudley I think will die. Arrival of Mrs Spark and her son, other Mississippi refugees, who had found and brought Jack Lancaster. Brandon Hall is a beautifully restored plantation home that dates back to 1856. In the 1890s another formerly enslaved woman, Callie House, led a national organization pressuring the government for ex-slave pensions. The corn we sold yesterday brought 3.15$ per barrel. Living very poor. His travels for land continue. Gerod Brandon appears on the 1864 County Tax Rolls for Robertson County with no real estate, but 270 slaves valued at $108,000, as well as $5000 in Confederate Notes and $6,125 in horses, cattle, and other property. Though a fraction of what Wood had asked for, the amount would be worth nearly $65,000 today. He owned 700 to 800 slaves on several plantations, and he put me to work at once in the cotton field, she said. Boone Hall was built on the backs of black slaves, who harvested cotton and pecans and produced brick on its grounds. In 1809 the property was sold at public auction to William Lock Chew for the sum of $7,000. They carried cane knives (used . Cookie Settings, Illustration by Cliff Alejandro; Source material: W. Caleb McDaniel; NYPL (3), Subscribe to Smithsonian magazine now for just $12, Sweet Taste of Liberty: A True Story of Slavery and Restitution in America, Dried Lake Reveals New Statue on Easter Island. 1864/1865, d. 1935), Adams County, Mississippi: 154 enslaved people are listed under Gerard Brandon. Varina Banks Howell, dau of William & Margaret Howell, married Jefferson Davis on Feb 26, 1845 in the parlor of The Briars. At some point during those hellish days, Wood gave birth to Arthur, whose father is unknown. 2023 Smithsonian Magazine The postwar constitutional amendments that abolished slavery and extended national citizenship to ex-slaves enabled Wood to pursue Ward in federal court. Brandon Hall Plantation. Yet Wood v. Ward did not set a sweeping legal precedent. He would charge $5 an acre for cleared land & let me pay for it by picking cotton at $1 per 100 pounds. For more on Able, see Able Family. A historical society in Virginia, where slavery began in the American colonies in 1619, has discovered the identities of 3,200 slaves from unpublished private documents, providing new. Has dinner with a woman who is hard on all who were not in the army, two soldiers from Vicksburg also critical of Mississippians. Ownership was also an investment: purchased children and adults may or may not have been . Gerard Brandon, one of the largest slaveholders in the South, bought Wood and took her to his house, Brandon Hall, on the Natchez Trace. Ward began to plot with a group of these notorious "slave catchers." (She is still living this October 6, 1932. Born into bondage in Kentucky, Wood testified, she had been granted her freedom in Cincinnati in 1848, but five years later she was kidnapped by Ward, who sold her, and she ended up enslaved on a Texas plantation until after the Civil War. The database, which went online last September with 1,500 names, sets itself apart from the few other existing slave databases which limit themselves to specific plantations or to ship manifests that list the captives by their native African names, society officials said. Returns from Salado to reports of death, including Henrietta has just come to say Diceys little boy is dead. After moving to Ables, All at Home for the war. Description of the Able Family , and another Mississippi refugee named Williams.10 Difficulty getting a beef he had paid for. Before the Civil War, large Southern rice and cotton plantations depended on enslaved African Americans to operate successfully. After her suit, she moved with her son to Chicago. The Whites lived in Covington, too, and in the spring of 1853 they convinced Ward to pay them $300 for the right to sell Wood and pocket the proceeds himselfprovided he could get her. Your effort and contribution in providing this feedback is much But Woods name never made it into the history books. Goes hunting for deer. W.?) My children must thank me for the attempt to save [?] I first learned of Wood from two interviews she gave to reporters in the 1870s. Theyll be able to take it and grow from that.. Some pictures of the Brandon cemetery are on Flickr. Poole gone to the field. Homesick thoughts, trying to read his Bible. Nothing on my great grandfather and great grandmother who lived in Manquin, VA. S. Able who owns 3500 acres on the John Welch and Joseph Welch grants.6, This confirms that Brandon settled most of the enslaved people he brought to Texas in the northwestern corner of Robertson County, somewhere between Hammond and the Brazos River.7. Today, it remains virtually unknown, even as reparations for slavery are once again in the headlines. Brandon kept her enslaved on a cotton plantation until well after the war. Elsewhere in the database is a stark description of the sale of slaves and goods in a February 11, 1858, typed letter from slaveholder William Daniel Cabell of Benvenue in Nelson County, Virginia, to his wife, Elizabeth Nicholas Cabell. It wasnt until she returned to Mississippi with Brandon in 1866 that she gained her freedom; she continued to work for Brandon, now promised a salary of $10 a month, but she would say she was never paid. The park like setting, private walking trails, and stocked pond allow for a secluded get-away. is brandon hall plantation haunted? All accommodations at this luxury home have private in-room (not shared) bathrooms. The plaintiff was Henrietta Wood, described by a reporter at the time as a spectacled negro woman, apparently sixty years old. The defendant was Zebulon Ward, a white man who had enslaved Wood 25 years before. She spent the first nights of her captivity locked inside two roadside inns. Two days earlier, the jury had watched as Wood took the stand; her son, Arthur, who lived in Chicago, was in the courtroom. , had a good dinner & supper, spent a pleasant evening. Asthma & cramp colic. Begins November 13th & 14th" entry, discusses hunting for deer. Unsure of his next steps, whether to visit home and be on the dodge all the time, the great fear I have is being sent to a northern prison.. : Pelican Publishing Company, Inc., 2007), 92. Some counties mentioned in Brandons diary, cropped from Texas County Map (1860), Vicksburg veterans continue their critiques of planters who stay at home to take care of our negroes. They hoped to hear of evry planter there losing everything they had, for they had done but little to deserve success.. On October 29, 1840, Charlotte Hoggatt married Gerard Brandon III, who was the son of an early Governor of Mississippi and the grandson of a Revolutionary War Hero of the same name. not the care, pains & comfort in fixing up places. He couldnt find corn. Cookie Policy Phoebe is living with a good family for her food and clothing only. The house was built c. 1765 by . This description comes from Mortuary Customs and Beliefs of South Carolina Negroes, published in 1894 by May A. Waring in the Atlanta Constitution: Begins October 3 entry. It will not be held responsible or liable for its use and accuracy. Wood secretly told her story to a sympathetic innkeeper who followed her to Lexington, where a lawsuit was filed on her behalf asserting that she was free. Lee Hall Plantation: Richard Decatur Lee : 371159N 763432W : 72001510 : Lexington Plantation: George Mason V : 383838N 771156W . Negro slave owners were listed in 29 Kentucky counties (see below). Between 1820 and 1860, nearly a million people were sold "down the river.". The trial began only after eight years of litigation, leaving Wood to wonder if she would ever get justice. The land on which Brandon Hall now stands first passed into private ownership as a royal grant from the Spanish King Carlos III in 1788. Over 700 Black men and women were enslaved on this plantation. See Gerard Brandon, The Brandon Family, ed. She was suing him for $20,000 in reparations. Their son Dunbar Merrill had a daughter named (Ruth Britton) Dunbar Merrill Flinn (1926-2006), whose attic contained many Brandon family papers before they were donated to the Historic Natchez Foundation.2. The plantation, however, plays a role in the darkest period of American history. This was the most valuable property they owned, and they wanted to make sure it was recorded. One user named Treebranch02 wrote last September: Well, I think I found the slave owner that owned my great, great, great grandfather but that is as far as I got. Sends Sandy to post office hoping to hear from home. They also said that Wards alleged crimes had occurred too far in the pasta recurring argument against reparations. It would have bought 20,000 in Confederate money at that time. Gerard Brandon, Wood's last owner, was one of the largest plantations in all of the American South. Parole denied for RFK assassin Sirhan Sirhan, Ship that sank in 1894 discovered in Lake Huron, Why Fox News pushed Trump's bogus election claims, Tennessee governor says photo of him in skirt and wig irrelevant to drag show ban, Jurassic-era insect discovered at Arkansas Walmart, Why space experts want to establish a lunar time zone. Improve this listing Property amenities Free parking Black men and women were first brought . The private, nonprofit historical society, the fourth-oldest in the nation, is assembling a growing roster of slaves names and other information, such as the slaves occupations, locations and plantation owners names, said Levengood. By 1878, white Northerners were retreating from Reconstruction. Privacy Statement Mentions great opposition to new comers particularly with large numbers of negroes, adds that Deming had incured the displeasure of the people around him by furnishing supplies to a Mississippian. Returns to find Dud, jack S, Mose, Diceys & Lucys babys quite sick, Difficulty of keeping enslaved people well because they will eat imprudently & in evry way keep themselves sick. Two days earlier, the jury had watched as Wood took the stand; her son, Arthur, who lived in Chicago, was in the courtroom. In 1834, the teenager was bought by a merchant in Louisville and taken from her family. But Gerard Rickey notes in an email from November 23, 2016, that there is also a Henrietta mentioned in the memoir of James Brandons son Gerard Brandon (the nephew of the GB who owned Henrietta Wood). He owned 700 to 800 slaves on several plantations, and he "put me to work at once in the cotton field," she said. (That route is supported by a notation on page 5 of his journal showing that he paid a toll at Neches on July 21.). Nearly every one of the negros were satisfied as they were bought by people in the country mostly, going ahead of the prices given by the traders, Cabell wrote his wife. Most rural enslaved people were owned by masters who had 10-20 enslaved people, who often were housed in closer proximity to masters, perhaps sharing housing, and perhaps having access to closer relations with their masters than plantation slaves had. This database is a compilation of information on over four thousand slaves from Louisiana who were involved in manumission (the formal emancipation from slavery) between 1719 and 1820. 1845, d. 1909), Charlotte Lottie Brandon (b. Some newspapers even predicted that lawsuits like hers would proliferate. I suffer much mentally.. This article is a selection from the September 2019 issue of Smithsonian magazine. The land on which Brandon Hall now stands first passed into private ownership as a royal grant from the Spanish King Carlos III in 1788. The whole country bleeds and is in mourning. See Goodspeeds entry on the Brandon family. Expressions of homesickness. Not so many complications of a legal nature arise out of the old relations of master and slave as might have been expected, the New York Tribune argued with barely concealed relief. Brandon kept a diary of his Texas sojourn which is probably held today by a family descendant. An R. A. Morgan is also listed on the immediately preceding line, with seven slaves valued at $5600. Robert Payne, who attended Saturdays workshop, said hes been researching his family for the past 15 years, but finding information about his ancestors wasnt easy. Not everyone agreed with the verdict, but the facts of her horrific story were widely accepted as credible. Also Brandon Hall in Reid Smith and John Owens, The Majesty of Natchez (Montgomery, Ala.: Paddle Wheel Publications, 1969): it is obvious that he, like so many of his contemporaries, had succumbed to the Greek Revival era of elegance. They and their heirs farmed it successfully until 1720 when it was sold to Nathaniel Harrison. II, p. 817, which claimed that at the beginning of the Civil War, Brandon owned a million dollars worth of slaves. Severe rain and wind. Gangs worked throughout the antebellum period to capture free black men, women, and children and smuggle them into the South, under the cover of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, which required the return of runaway slaves. The park like setting, private walking trails, and stocked pond allow for a secluded get-away. Discusses leaving Poole with a power of attorney, and one with Bennett if Poole becomes indisposed. Yet Wood v. Ward did not set a sweeping legal precedent. Wards lawyers stalled, claiming that her failed antebellum suit for freedom proved his innocence. Now she watched nervously as the 12 jurors returned to their seats. At some point during those hellish days, Wood gave birth to Arthur, whose father is unknown. Because the award was small, procedural rules prevented Ward from appealing to higher courts where the verdict might have been more widely noticed. 3:10 PM EST, Mon February 6, 2012. Amateur genealogist Crasty Johnson of Richmond said she hopes the sites will help her trace her roots back to the 1800s. Ward planned to make Wood the latest victim of this trade, but she resolved to fight. While the online website is intuitive on how to use, the workshops are being held for users who need more guidance, Levengood said. A native Kentuckian who had recently moved to Covington, just across the Ohio River from Cincinnati, Ward became a deputy sheriff in 1853. Many of the slaves had been forgotten to the world until the Virginia Historical Society received a $100,000 grant to pore over some of its 8 million unpublished manuscripts letters, diaries, ledgers, books and farm documents from Virginians dating to the 1600s and began discovering the long-lost identities of the slaves, said society president and CEO Paul Levengood. whole race. 1872 - The plantation was sold to Henry Horlbeck's two sons, Frederick Henry Horlbeck and John S. Horlbeck ( 7 ). 33 slave dwellings were also noted. Reflects on James in the field. When possible, I have also noted the dates of Brandons entries. did desi arnaz jr have a stroke; moose tracks vs cow tracks ice cream The couple had numerous children, though only five survived into adulthood; four daughters died of natural causes during the Civil War. After 1815, as white settlers rushed into the lower Mississippi River Valley, many looked to purchase slaves to cultivate the regions most profitable crop. Report of a Mrs. She would one day recall that period of her life as a sweet taste of liberty.. The advanced search fields include the slaves first name or last name; gender; occupation; owners last name; date range; and record type. Arranges situation for Phoebe.11 Feels gloomy, homesick. "I sowed the cotton, hoed the cotton, and picked the cotton. His overseers are John Lyle (born in Kentucky) and William Hurley (born in Scotland, accompanied by his wife Rose). Brandon Plantation was situated in the area where the regularized production of bright leaf tobacco was developed in the 1820s, an industry requiring slave labor. Swing also told the jurors to focus on Wood's kidnapping in assessing the case, and the vast majority of freed people could not show, as Wood did, that they had been re-enslaved. Sometimes its a real detective work. A Natchez refugee visits and told of many negroes who went to Yankees, that Billy Sanderson had killed himself drinking with them, that Freds wife had been hung, that Merrill was giving them dinner parties &c. but had heard never a word of my family. Feelings of worry and suspense. Descendants of slave owners, slaves and freed slaves listen to a history of the plantation. His wife Charlotte (39) and children Elmina (16), James (14), Charlotte (12), Sarah (9), Agnes (9), Mary (5), and Alice (4) are listed a fellow members of the household. Did you encounter any technical issues? Brandon told me that Mr.Poole was offered $2000 in gold for Phoebe on his way to Texas, but he was on ahead of wagons and negroes and did not hear of it until too late. The free, public website also provides a high-resolution copy of the antique documents that identify the slave. Begins December 27 entry. Lists his route, expenses, and ferriage for the trip back home. Its a model and I hope the rest of the states catch up real quickly.. The sale included 1,514 7 /10 acres and a town lot and buildings in Mt Pleasant. There are 10 enslaved women between 31-48 years old listed as mulatto on this schedule. My father gave $25. It was four years after the Confederate surrender before Wood was able to return up the river, where she tried to locate long-lost members of her family in Kentucky. Often there was a human connection, and they grew up with these people, and they recorded their birth dates and deaths. When she died in 1912, her suit was already forgotten by all except her son. By 1983, only 40 acres remained and the house had fallen into disrepair. In December 2009 the home was purchased by Ron and Kathy Garber of Lafayette, Louisiana, who opened it for Bed and Breakfast accommodation. On April 17, 1878, twelve white jurors entered a federal courtroom in Cincinnati, Ohio, to deliver the verdict in a now-forgotten lawsuit about American slavery. With help from his mother's court-ordered compensation, Arthur bought a house, started a family, and paid for his own schooling. Begins November 10 entry. CNN Sans & 2016 Cable News Network. A record now at the National Archives in Chicago confirms that he did, in 1879. As laid out in McDaniel's book, in 1840, Mississippi accounted for nearly a quarter of all. W. Caleb McDaniel is a professor of history at Rice University. In November 2015, I retraced some of this route by car when coming back from Natchez. Brandon kept her enslaved on a cotton plantation until well after the war. In order to identify records of interest, you must first examine the genealogy of slaveholding families. Researching a slaveholder's genealogy can be a time-consuming task, but fortunately, there are many genealogies for South Carolina slaveholders . When he died in 1951, after a long career as a lawyer, he left behind a large clan of descendants who were able to launch professional careers of their own, even as redlining and other racially discriminatory practices put a chokehold on the South Side neighborhoods where they lived. See, Trinity River (specific place illegible, but may be Madisonville) (possibly by July 22, when he paid $28 for a ferry, according to page 5 of the journal), qq Transcribe relevant portions of Texas diary, qq Go through probate records on Ancestry. 2023 Cable News Network. Ownership may have meant the purchase of a spouse, an individual's children, or other relatives who were not emancipated. After Brandon pursued several possible places to rent in Texas, Joseph S. Able, a resident of Robertson County, offered Brandon a place on his land with 300 acres in cultivation 2 cabins & corn on the ground as well as use of a mill. Discovery Company. Horse foundered, took him to Middletons camp. A second ferry location is illegible, but he also paid for ferries across Cocodrie Bayou and Cross Bayou. Brandon Hall Plantation, built ca 1856 by Gerard Brandon, U.S. 61, Washington. this property for them for I have seen sights of trouble more than I can ever describe or make them sensible of. Begins August 13 entry. The plantation was named after its original owner, Major John Boone, who came to the Carolina colony from Bermuda. Able. He strikes new deal with Able to settle on his land: he could let me heave as much land as Col. R. had offered, with 300 acres in cultivation, 2 cabins, & corn in the ground at $1 per barrel, and let me have the use of a mill , would charge $5 an acre for the cleared land & let me pay for it by picking cotton at $1 per 100 pounds. Brandon agrees. Wonderful site.. Tour Rosedown Plantation State Historic Site in St. Francisville during one of its daily, hourly tours. Thats the kind of things that owners did with slaves. Eats water melons at Joness, drinks a mint julep, has dinner with good soup & a peach cobbler. On Monday (August 17?) She had not forgotten Ward and sued him the following year. "I can't quite tell my age," Wood recalled in a newspaper interview in 1876, but she knew she was born enslaved to the Tousey family between 1818 and 1820. ] stream. After Brandon and his wife died, the property changed hand numerous times, and with each sale, the vast acreage diminished. Grain and food were raised for local use. Im going to use this not only personally, but professionally, she said. See scarborough2003, p.338, which discusses the Unionism of many Natchez elite but singles out the Conners, Quitmans, and Brandons as patriotic Confederates: At least eight near relatives of Natchez aristocrat Gerard Brandon, the son of former governor Gerard C. Brandon, served in the military. Many newspapers described Woods suit as an old case or a relic of slavery times, consigning stories like hers to a fading past. The case was eventually dismissed. Gwendolyn Midlo Hall, a New Orleans native who has devoted much of her life to the study of slavery, spent 15 years in the courthouses of Louisiana, as well as in archives in Spain, France and. I worked under the meanest overseers, and got flogged and flogged, until I thought I should die.". When the Horlbeck family bought the plantation in 1817, they opened up a brickyard and began producing bricks using the clay from the nearby Wampacheone Creek. Brandon owning 287 horses, cattle, sheep & miscellaneous property, valued at $2120, and no real estate. Brandon Hall in Natchez, MS was built by Gerard Brandon and his wife Charlotte (Hoggatt). Terms of Use Then, in 1878, jurors ruled that Ward should pay Wood for her enslavement. Brandon Plantation, one of the nation's oldest working farms along the James River in Prince George County, was sold to a family in Florida for $17.8 million. Some 80 people came to Saturdays workshop, including Gale Carter, a high school history teacher who flew in from East Chicago, Indiana for the event. But Wood's award, however insufficient, was not ineffectual. Major Boone was a successful planter and slave owner, and his plantation . It almost makes me sick. The Boone Hall Plantation, located in Mt. 73 Natchez Trace Pkwy,Natchez, Mississippi, 39120, 7 beds 8 baths 10,768 sqft 45 acres, Jackie Smith PAUL GREEN REALTORS 601-442-2768. On the page opposite the list of deaths, there are also notations about Middletons expenses. The first part is an inventory of stores taken on the first day on which Forster Clarke entered on the management of the Estate (11 July 1803). In January 1914, the plantation, house, and land was sold to George Hightower as a result of a default on a promissory note, thus ending an 81-year chain of ownership by the Brandon and Hoggatt families. She was suing him for $20,000 in reparations. To purchase tickets, call . Even Juneteenth, the day in June 1865 when Union soldiers arrived in Texas to enforce emancipation, did not liberate Wood. Sanderson hung back in Natchez. In the same tax rolls is a J. On July 1, 1863, just days before the U.S. Army arrived to free thousands of people around Natchez, Brandon, determined to defy emancipation, forced some 300 slaves to march 400 miles to Texas, far beyond the reach of federal soldiers. Then, in 1848, Jane Cirode went to a county courthouse and registered Wood as free. Reynolds and Lively got married at Boone Hall Plantation in Mount Pleasant, which features nine slave cabins, referred to as "Slave Street." The move was criticized at the time, but came under . Known as the Robintation Tree, it is said to have been quite feared by the slaves of the plantation. The "finest" house at the Brandon Hall Plantation, for example, was built by the enslaved. The mill is out of fix, & too bad to get up a beef and all hands are on short rations. Thoughts of home. Friends visit from Waco. Today, the opulent residence, which was . One Sunday afternoon in April 1853, Boyd tricked Wood into taking a carriage ride across the river. This article originally appeared in Smithsonian Magazine. By the 1850s, the interstate slave trade was booming, and the Whites saw dollar signs whenever they thought of Wood. 5-11: a debit and credit ledger for the trip; debits begin on 5 (numbered by Brandon as 7) and then are carried over on 8 through 11, with a final total (summed by me from Brandons subtotals) of $19,145.60 in expenses by February 2; credits begin page 6 (numbered by Brandon as 8) and then continue on 13 to 14, where a final total made by Brandon on February 2 shows $10,168.25 in credits, Begin August 1863 entry. Nearly a quarter of all old listed as mulatto on this schedule this feedback is much but name... Pm EST, Mon february 6, 2012 Wood, described by reporter! A sweeping legal precedent & a peach cobbler not forgotten Ward and sued the... Copy of the plantation nervously as the 12 jurors returned to their.! Those hellish days, Wood gave birth to Arthur, whose father is unknown in 1848, Jane went. This October 6, 2012 in 1848, Jane Cirode went to fading. 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